Unusual root canal anatomy always poses a diagnostic and treatment challenge. Identification of such variation is important for the success of the root canal treatment outcome. The C-shaped root canal configuration is one of the aberrant morphology of molar teeth, commonly the mandibular second molar. In this configuration, the canals are connected by slit or web. The presence of fin, slit and web makes through debridement obstacle for the clinician. This case reports present successful management of C-shaped mandibular molars with three different obturation systems.

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Implant placement often requires bone augmentation procedures due to the presence of bone defects on the future implant site. The aim of the present case report is to describe a ridge expansion technique using sequential motor driven bone expanders to allow the implant placement in an atrophic maxillary ridge. The use of the motorized expanders avoided a bone augmentation surgical procedure prior to implant placement and, as a result, reduced the overall treatment time. The results were followed-up for 2 years after the implant supported the crown delivery.

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Endodontic treatment of maxillary first molar with three canals in mesiobuccal root using cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT). This case report presents a maxillary first molar with three mesiobuccal canals. Missing a canal during root canal therapy is one of the main causes of endodontic failure. The frequency of detection of extra canals has increased with better techniques in instrumentation, magnification and illumination. The present case shows three canals in the mesiobuccal root, which is an aberrant and rare anatomical presentation. CBCT proved to be an important tool in confirming the presence and location of the extra canals.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the marginal bacterial leakage of two self-etch adhesive systems after long-term water storage. Materials and Methods: Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of extracted premolar teeth. After the sterilization of the teeth, four cavities were not restored for control purposes, whereas the other teeth were divided into two groups (n = 16 cavities each): Clearfil Protect Bond (CPB), Clearfil SE Bond (CSE). After the application of the bonding agent, cavities were restored with a composite resin. Then, the teeth were thermo cycled, stored in saline solution for 6 months and put into a broth culture of Streptococcus mutans. The teeth were fixed, sectioned and stained using the Gram-Colour modified method. The stained sections were then evaluated under a light microscope. The bacterial leakage was scored as: 0 - absence of stained bacteria, 1 - bacterial staining along the cavity walls, 2 - bacterial staining within the cut dentinal tubules. The data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test (P = 0.05). Results: The bacterial staining was detected within the cut dentinal tubules in all control cavities, in three cavities in the CSE group and one cavity in the CPB group. There were no observed statistically significant differences between the bacterial penetrations of the two bonding systems (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Both bonding systems provided acceptable prevention of marginal bacterial leakage after long-term water storage.

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Dental procedure induced pain may develop into a chronic condition that accompanied with functional or neuropathy changes in the nerve system. In this case, severe persistent pain gradually developed after repeatedly placing a subgingival amalgam restoration in the right second molar. Hyperalgesia and allodynia were present at the affected region. A provisional diagnosis of chronic orofacial pain with peripheral and central sensitization was considered. After re-contouring, local debridement and occlusal adjustment the pain disappeared. The underlying mechanism in this case is neuronal sensitization and peripheral Aβ-fiber mechanoreceptor activation. Its diagnosis and management depend on identification and treatment of the cause for pain generation and sensitization.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the sealing ability of three different temporary restorative materials on endodontic access cavities as compared to radiated and nonirradiated teeth. Materials and Methods: All teeth were randomly divided into two main groups according to the presence or absence of the radiotherapy. The specimens in these groups were then divided into three subgroups of 12 teeth each, and into two control groups of eight teeth each as negative and positive control groups. In radiotherapy groups, radiotherapy (1.8 Gy) was applied daily over 35 days resulting in a total application of 63 Gy. Standardized occlusal endodontic access cavities were prepared in all groups. A cotton pellet was placed on the pulp chamber. The access cavities were restored with three temporary filling materials; first fill, Cavit-G and Cavisol. The specimens were immersed in 2% methylene blue solution and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 min. Results: Although there was no statistical difference among the three materials for the groups in which radiotherapy was not applied (P > 0.05), it was found that the sealing abilities of Cavit-G and Cavisol were not affected by radiotherapy (P > 0.05). However, the leakage values of the light-cured polymerized temporary filling material, first fill, were increased when radiotherapy was performed (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The radiotherapy application reduces the sealing ability of the light-cured temporary filling material, first fill.

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